How to Give Better Speeches & Presentations
The old saying is that people rank the fear of public speaking higher than they rank the fear of death so people would rather be dead than speak in public. While this statement is obviously an exaggeration, it does bring up the point that people are often afraid of speaking in public.
If you have this kind of fear, you are not unusual. Fear grips many people who speak in public. Often this is simply a comfort zone issue. If speaking is outside of your comfort zone you will naturally be fearful when you start doing it. The same is true for anything outside of your comfort zone.
The good news is that your comfort zone expands with time. As you begin to speak in public you will start to feel more and more comfortable over time. Many people will eventually feel fully at ease with public speaking once they have expanded their comfort zone. Admittedly, public speaking carries with it such a perception of being a fear-worthy event that some people carry a fear with them for some time. Even for these people, more frequent speaking and better preparation helps to limit the effect of this fear.
Aside from experience, preparation is the most important ingredient in giving better speeches and in lowering fear levels. Simply taking the time to know and understand a few key things about your presentation can make you more effective and confident.
1. Know Your Objective
The first thing to understand is your objective for giving a presentation. You need to know why you are speaking (and the answer can not be simply that your boss told you to). Ask yourself, what is my desired outcome? The outcome you are hoping for is your objective. It is why you are giving the presentation.
There are many different reasons for a speech and they are tied directly to your outcome. These include:
- debate – to defend and argue for a position, such as in politics
- inform – provide information such as a progress report on a project
- persuade – presenting a request for funding or making a sales presentation
- amuse – when your goal is to entertain or provide humor
- motivate – to inspire, encourage or challenge people into action
Any of these objectives are valid reasons to speak in public. By knowing what your objective is you can focus in on how to accomplish your goal. You will be more effective and less distracted. Make sure your speech sticks to your objective. If your goal is to debate, don’t spend all your time providing basic information. If your goal is to persuade don’t spend all your time trying to amuse. Stick to your objective.
2. Know Your Audience
The second key is to know your audience. Your audience is who you are speaking to, directly and indirectly. The direct audience will be people who are hearing your speech initially – likely those people who will be sitting directly in front of you. The indirect audience will be people who will hear your speech later – perhaps through an audio recording, podcast, or published transcript.
You need to know who these people are. Learn as much as you can about them. An effective teacher learns as much as she can about her students. A pastor learns as much as he can about his congregation. Professional speakers will also do significant research into the company that has hired them to present. I have seen many professional speakers who are able to directly interact with the company that has hired them through the knowledge they have gained about the company, its products, and business.
If you are called on to give a presentation, take the time to do this research. If you don’t know who the audience will be you need to ask: Who are they, and what do they expect? How many people will be in attendance? Are they there because they choose to be, or because it is required? What are they hoping to get out of the presentation? Knowing these factors can go a long way to understanding your audience.
Once you understand your audience you are able to make your speech relevant. You can connect the presentation details to the people you are talking to. The effective teacher will use what she has learned about her students to provide illustrations that the students can connect to. For example, in one of the classes I teach there are a high proportion of student-athletes. Because of this, I look for opportunities to use athletics as an example. Tailor your speech to what you have learned about your audience.
3. Know Your Information
You also need to know your information. This may be obvious, and yet far too often people think they can get by with a surface level understanding of their topic. You need to take the time to learn so much about your topic that you could have a detailed conversation with someone about your information with no notes to guide you.
When you give your presentation you should use notes. There are three levels you could use for how much to have written down when you start your speech. On one end of the spectrum you could have every word written out in a manuscript. The other end of the spectrum is to have everything memorized with no notes. There are excellent speakers who use each of these options.
For most, however, the third option is most effective. This involves having a detailed outline of what you will say that you can refer to from time to time. If you know your material very well you can use an outline to keep you on track but then speak from your memory and your knowledge base the rest of the time.
Your outline could be in many formats. You may chose to use a regular piece of paper, index cards, or PowerPoint slides that you present to the audience. To effectively use your outline include notes on the following:
- detailed introduction and main idea so you can start your presentation well
- the main points along with reminders about stories, illustrations, or important statistics
- your conclusion, including exactly what you want to say to finish your talk
So take the time to really understand your objective, your audience, and your information. This knowledge will help you make more effective speeches and presentations. Further, it will help ease the nerves you have as you will feel more prepared and ready for whatever comes at you.
Written by:
Danny Gamache
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